{"id":4257,"date":"2019-09-01T18:44:29","date_gmt":"2019-09-01T17:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/?p=4257"},"modified":"2019-09-01T18:44:29","modified_gmt":"2019-09-01T17:44:29","slug":"unesco-stop-blackface-support","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/?p=4257","title":{"rendered":"Unesco Stop Blackface support"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bruxelles Panth\u00e8res<\/a> a lanc\u00e9 cette p\u00e9tition adress\u00e9e \u00e0 Madame Audrey Azoulay, Directrice G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019UNESCO<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Cette lettre d\u00e9nonce l\u2019usage end\u00e9mique du blackface, en Belgique et dans d\u2019autres pays europ\u00e9ens. Le blackface est cette pratique consistant \u00e0 se noircir le visage et le corps pour \u00abjouer un personnage\u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

This letter denounces the endemic use of blackface, in Belgium and other European countries. Blackface is the practice of blackening the face and body to \u00ab\u00a0play a character\u00a0\u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Co-signers<\/strong><\/p>\n

BAN \u2013 Brigade Anti N\u00e9grophobie, France<\/strong>
\nFondation Frantz Fanon , France<\/strong>
\nBruxelles Panth\u00e8res, Belgique<\/strong>
\nCollectif f\u00e9ministe Kahina, Belgique<\/strong>
\nComit\u00e9 Free Ali, Belgique<\/strong>
\nDIN – Decolonial International Network<\/strong>
\nESG asbl, Belgique<\/strong>
\nNouvelle Voie Anticoloniale, Belgique<\/strong>
\nParti des Indig\u00e8nes de la R\u00e9publique, France<\/strong>
\nPr\u00e9sence Noire, Belgique<\/strong>
\nStop Blackface, Kick Out Zwarte Piet and New urban collective, Pays-Bas<\/strong>
\nSamidoun Palestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network<\/strong>
\nThe Institute for African studies, Slovenia <\/strong>
\nUnion Juive Fran\u00e7aise pour La Paix, France<\/strong><\/p>\n

Signez cette p\u00e9tition<\/a><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Madame la Directrice G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019UNESCO,<\/p>\n

En mars 2013, votre pr\u00e9d\u00e9cessrice, Madame Irina Bokova, avait r\u00e9agi \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un char repr\u00e9sentant des nazis au Carnaval d\u2019Alost.<\/p>\n

Nous avons appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 cette prompte d\u00e9nonciation de la repr\u00e9sentation \u00e0 caract\u00e8re antis\u00e9mite \u00e0 sa juste valeur, d\u2019autant qu\u2019elle a eu lieu \u00e0 Alost, dont des monuments et le carnaval sont inscrits au patrimoine de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 de l\u2019UNESCO. En se pronon\u00e7ant sur cet incident, votre institution avait signal\u00e9 au monde que la banalisation du racisme, quelle que soit sa forme, ne peut \u00eatre tol\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019UNESCO, agence cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour encourager la tol\u00e9rance et la paix. [1]<\/p>\n

Malheureusement, cette r\u00e9action n\u2019a pas emp\u00each\u00e9, lors de l\u2019\u00e9dition 2019 du m\u00eame carnaval, la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un char sur lequel \u00e9taient repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s des juifs de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9gradante. [2]<\/p>\n

Vous avez d\u2019ailleurs vous-m\u00eame, ainsi que Ernesto Ottone R., fermement r\u00e9agi \u00e0 cette nouvelle manifestation raciste dans un carnaval inscrit sur la Liste repr\u00e9sentative du patrimoine culturel immat\u00e9riel de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 depuis 2010. [3]<\/p>\n

Madame la Directrice-G\u00e9n\u00e9rale,<\/p>\n

Nous partageons votre sentiment sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de travailler \u00e0 la tol\u00e9rance et la paix dans le monde. C\u2019est pourquoi, je me permets de vous \u00e9crire au nom de mon organisation, Bruxelles Panth\u00e8res, afin d\u2019attirer votre attention sur un probl\u00e8me r\u00e9current en Belgique mais aussi dans d\u2019autres pays europ\u00e9ens que repr\u00e9sente l\u2019usage de Black face. On le trouve dans diff\u00e9rents carnavals \u2013Dunkerque, Nice- mais cette essentialisation est aussi utilis\u00e9e durant la p\u00e9riode de No\u00ebl dans certains autres pays du nord de l\u2019Europe, par exemple Zwarte Piet aux Pays Bas ou en Su\u00e8de.<\/p>\n

L\u2019utilisation du \u00ab black face \u00bb, pratique raciste issue du Moyen \u00c2ge, s\u2019est surtout d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e aux Etats-Unis au moment des iniques lois dites \u00ab Jim Crow \u00bb. Popularis\u00e9e au th\u00e9\u00e2tre puis adopt\u00e9e par le cin\u00e9ma, cette pratique, consistant \u00e0 se noircir le visage et le corps pour \u00abjouer un personnage\u00bb, n\u2019avait comme but que de se moquer des noirs.<\/p>\n

A la racialisation impos\u00e9e s\u2019est ajout\u00e9e la moquerie devenue alors un moyen suppl\u00e9mentaire pour la population am\u00e9ricaine blanche d’asseoir sa domination sur une population de mis en esclavage affranchis qu’elle ne voulait pas voir libres, puisqu’idiots, incapables, vulgaires et dangereux.<\/p>\n

Il fallait faire accepter par l\u2019ensemble de la population que le Noir \u00e9tait trop idiot pour se repr\u00e9senter lui-m\u00eame. D\u00e8s lors, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 admis que le Noir serait repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par un blanc gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation du grimage.<\/p>\n

Permettez-moi de mentionner que le Groupe de travail d\u2019experts sur les personnes d\u2019ascendance africaine de l\u2019ONU (UNWGEPAD) a soulign\u00e9 dans plusieurs communications, aussi bien en 2013 qu\u2019en 2014, le caract\u00e8re raciste d\u2019un tel usage v\u00e9hiculant des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes n\u00e9gatifs et \u00e9tant clairement un vestige de la mise en esclavage.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 cela, ce vestige d\u2019une tradition culturelle raciste se perp\u00e9tue dans un silence assourdissant ou lorsqu\u2019il y a des remarques quant \u00e0 l\u2019essentialisation du Noir dans le cadre de cette tradition, il est r\u00e9pondu que contester une telle pratique revient \u00e0 nier l\u2019identit\u00e9 culturelle des pays o\u00f9 elle se d\u00e9roule.
\nLes organisations antiracistes politiques belges sont v\u00e9ritablement indign\u00e9es et tr\u00e8s inqui\u00e8tes de constater la faiblesse des r\u00e9actions aussi bien des autorit\u00e9s politiques que de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile de notre pays face \u00e0 cette situation inqualifiable, d\u00e9gradante et particuli\u00e8rement racialisante.<\/p>\n

Madame la Directrice G\u00e9n\u00e9rale,<\/p>\n

Comme chaque ann\u00e9e, lors du 4\u00e8me weekend du mois d\u2019aout, se d\u00e9roulera la ducasse d\u2019Ath, ainsi pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e sur le site officiel de la ville, \u00ab depuis 2005, la ducasse d\u2019Ath est reconnue par l\u2019Unesco au m\u00eame titre que la ducasse de Mons ou encore le Meyboom \u00e0 Bruxelles. Ces f\u00eates, qui ont travers\u00e9 les si\u00e8cles, font partie de notre culture populaire et sont profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9es dans nos traditions.<\/p>\n

En 2008, la ville d\u2019Ath re\u00e7oit une nouvelle cons\u00e9cration. Elle est prim\u00e9e dans le cadre du concours EDEN (European Destinations of Excellence) initi\u00e9 par la Commission europ\u00e9enne. La d\u00e9marche touristique de qualit\u00e9 entreprise par la ville ainsi que l\u2019appropriation du folklore par la population locale ont s\u00e9duit le jury du concours.<\/p>\n

Cette reconnaissance, qui s\u2019ajoute \u00e0 celle offerte par l\u2019UNESCO en 2005, confirme toute la richesse du patrimoine immat\u00e9riel de la cit\u00e9. \u00bb [4]<\/p>\n

L\u2019une des attractions organis\u00e9es lors de cette ducasse est celle du: \u00abSauvage , encha\u00een\u00e9 et agit\u00e9, t\u00e9moigne du go\u00fbt de l\u2019exotisme du 19e si\u00e8cle.\u00bb (Dixit le site de la ducasse). Le Sauvage est un personnage grim\u00e9 de noir et affubl\u00e9 de toute une s\u00e9rie de signes avilissants tels qu\u2019attribu\u00e9s aux Noirs par nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s racistes \u00e0 travers l\u2019histoire : gros nez, grosses l\u00e8vres rouges, tenues \u00ab tribales \u00bb, boucle dans le nez, cha\u00eenes au cou et aux poignets, etc. ; \u00e0 cela s\u2019ajoute un comportement agit\u00e9. L\u2019homme jouant le Sauvage est blanc.<\/p>\n

La ducasse d\u2019Ath n\u2019est pas la seule \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuer la pratique du Black face en Belgique ; le carnaval des Deux Acren dans l\u2019entit\u00e9 de Lessines o\u00f9 une \u00ab Sortie des N\u00e8gres \u00bb est organis\u00e9e chaque ann\u00e9e ou encore celui \u00abdes Noirauds \u00bb, \u0153uvre Royale bruxelloise, sont autant de manifestations o\u00f9 la n\u00e9grophobie, pr\u00e9sente dans ce pays, a pignon sur rue lors de rassemblement populaire et festif.
\nNon seulement les populations noires de ce pays y subissent une injustifiable violence symbolique lors de cette pratique du \u00ab Black Face \u00bb, mais elles sont victimes de violences mat\u00e9rielles et de discriminations av\u00e9r\u00e9es que nous d\u00e9non\u00e7ons avec constance et syst\u00e9matiquement.<\/p>\n

L\u2019an dernier, au festival rock Pukkelpop, deux jeunes femmes noires font face \u00e0 un groupe de jeunes flamands qui les menacent de leur couper les mains en affirmant que le Congo leur appartient. [5]<\/p>\n

En aout 2018, un jeune adolescent Noir est jet\u00e9 sur une voie de chemin de fer. [6]<\/p>\n

Il y a quelques jours seulement, une famille de Waregem \u00e9tait victime de n\u00e9grophobie. Et cela se fait sur un mode de plus en plus d\u00e9complex\u00e9. [7]<\/p>\n

En tant que porte-parole de Bruxelles Panth\u00e8res je d\u00e9nonce ces actes racialisants. Force est de constater qu\u2019en premier lieu, l\u2019acte raciste est syst\u00e9matiquement ni\u00e9 par ses auteurs, qui s\u2019arrogent le droit de d\u00e9terminer ce qui est raciste ou pas et d\u2019\u00e9ventuellement d\u00e9cider d\u2019y mettre fin.[8]
\nEnsuite, il est expliqu\u00e9 que pour ce qui est des ducasses et carnavals, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une pratique folklorique traditionnelle, bon enfant, voire m\u00eame \u00e0 caract\u00e8re humanitaire, sans aucune connotation n\u00e9gative.<\/p>\n

Je constate que les r\u00e9actions des autorit\u00e9s et des associations antiracistes professionnelles pour mettre fin \u00e0 ces \u00ab Black Face \u00bb et aux autres actes racistes sont tr\u00e8s timides, voire inexistantes. Mais \u00e0 la suite de telles d\u00e9nonciations, un militant de l\u2019antiracisme politique et son organisation sont poursuivis par les autorit\u00e9s de la ville de Lessines.<\/p>\n

Madame la Directrice G\u00e9n\u00e9rale,<\/p>\n

Je suis s\u00fbr qu\u2019au regard des valeurs et principes que repr\u00e9sente le label \u00ab patrimoine immat\u00e9riel de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 \u00bb d\u00e9cern\u00e9 par l\u2019UNESCO, vous comprendrez notre d\u00e9marche et notre demande afin que ce label ne soit pas plus longtemps entach\u00e9 par des traditions racialisantes qui essentialisent une partie de la population belge.<\/p>\n

Il est de notre devoir et de notre responsabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 tous d\u2019\u0153uvrer pour la tol\u00e9rance et la paix, mais cela ne peut se faire lorsque certains d\u2019entre nous font face \u00e0 des actes n\u00e9grophobes ou lorsque des activit\u00e9s sociales et populaires sont empreintes de n\u00e9grophobie.<\/p>\n

Madame la Directrice G\u00e9n\u00e9rale,<\/p>\n

Je suis s\u00fbr que vous ne serez pas insensible \u00e0 la situation particuli\u00e8re qui pr\u00e9vaut lors de l\u2019usage de black face pendant certains \u00e9v\u00e9nements populaires et la question que pose la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au patrimoine immat\u00e9riel de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 instrumentalis\u00e9e par certaines villes belges qui n\u2019ont que faire des valeurs et principes qui les obligent.<\/p>\n

Nous consid\u00e9rons qu\u2019il est temps de r\u00e9agir \u00e0 la n\u00e9grophobie s\u00e9vissant en Belgique, s\u2019il le faut en retirant la Ducasse d\u2019Ath du Patrimoine culturel immat\u00e9riel de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 de l\u2019UNESCO !<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je vous remercie de l’attention que vous porterez \u00e0 ma demande et vous prie de croire, Madame la Directrice G\u00e9n\u00e9rale, en ma sinc\u00e8re consid\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n

Mouhad Reghif \u2013 Porte-parole de Bruxelles Panth\u00e8res<\/p>\n

[1] https:\/\/www.levif.be\/actualite\/belgique\/la-directrice-de-l-unesco-choquee-par-le-char-nazi-du-carnaval-d-alost\/article-normal-137689.html?fbclid=IwAR3VU66BU3nwIKWn_oTFzViJz9Os3IYda76wuBdqXHY_7T4U4z33xmFZqsM&cookie_check=1551888365<\/a>
\n[2] https:\/\/www.7sur7.be\/belgique\/alost-il-n-a-jamais-ete-question-d-offenser-les-juifs~a93c0e14\/<\/a>
\n[3] https:\/\/www.rtbf.be\/info\/regions\/detail_l-unesco-demande-l-examen-de-la-question-du-retrait-du-carnaval-d-alost-de-la-liste-representative-du-patrimoine-de-l-humanite?id=10177780<\/a>
\n[4] http:\/\/www.ath.be\/loisirs\/folklore\/ducasse-dath<\/a>
\n[5] https:\/\/www.lesoir.be\/173977\/article\/2018-08-20\/le-congo-est-nous-des-incidents-racistes-au-pukkelpop-video<\/a>
\n[6] https:\/\/www.rtl.be\/info\/regions\/flandre\/nouvelle-video-raciste-en-flandre-3-personnes-visiblement-emechees-attaquent-un-adolescent-noir-a-la-gare-d-aarschot-1054299.aspx<\/a>
\n[7] https:\/\/www.rtbf.be\/info\/societe\/detail_sales-negres-vous-puez-scene-de-racisme-ordinaire-a-waregem?id=10260539<\/a>
\n[8] https:\/\/www.lalibre.be\/regions\/hainaut\/ducasse-d-ath-le-personnage-du-sauvage-est-il-raciste-5ca1ddda7b50a60b457ee98e<\/a><\/p>\n

Signez cette p\u00e9tition<\/a><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Dear Madame Director-General,<\/p>\n

In March 2013, your predecessor Ms. Irina Bokova spoke out to condemn the presence of a Nazi-themed float in the Carnaval parade in Aalst, Belgium.<\/p>\n

We were encouraged by this prompt action to call out anti-Semitism, but indeed we expected no less on the part of UNESCO, given that the Aalst carnival figures in your list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. In responding in this way, your institution, whose mission is to promote peace and tolerance, showed the world that it would not tolerate the normalisation of racism, whatever form it might take. [1]<\/p>\n

Sadly, despite your intervention, in 2019 the Aalst carnival once more included a float on which Jewish people were caricatured in the most degrading way. [2]<\/p>\n

This time it was you yourself, together with your Assistant Director-General for Culture Ernesto Ottone Ramirez, who spoke out against this recurrence of racism within a carnival celebration that has been honoured as part of our shared immaterial heritage since 2010. [3]<\/p>\n

Madame Director-General,<\/p>\n

Like you, we believe firmly in the need to work to spread tolerance and peace throughout the world. This is why I am taking the liberty to write to you today, in the name of our organisation, the Brussels Panthers, to draw your attention to another racist phenomenon which is repeatedly imposed upon the peoples of Belgium, as of other European countries. I refer to the annual presence of blackface performers in a number of carnivals, such as those of Dunkirk and Nice, as well as in Christmas celebrations in northern Europe (such as the Black Pete figures that are to be seen in the Netherlands and in Sweden).<\/p>\n

Blackface is a racist practice whose origins stretch back to the Middle Ages, and which reached its peak in the United States during the infamous period of the Jim Crow laws. Whether in the theatre or the cinema, whenever white men blacken their faces and their bodies to \u00ab play a character \u00bb, their goal is always the same: to caricature and ridicule black people.<\/p>\n

This insulting mockery must be seen in the context of the top-down racialisation of society. It was one of the means by which the white American majority was able to effectively dominate those whom they had previously enslaved and who were now free. For why should a people who are, by definition, stupid, incompetent, vulgar and dangerous, be allowed to enjoy freedom?<\/p>\n

Blackface was among the means mobilized to convince the white majority that black people were too stupid to represent themselves – that they could only be represented by a white man wearing a blackface<\/p>\n

Allow me to remind you that the UN\u2019s Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent (WGEPAD) has several times (in 2013, and again in 2014) pointed out that this practice is inherently racist in its use of negative stereotypes and is clearly a historical product of enslavement.<\/p>\n

Yet despite such condemnation at the highest levels, this remnant of a racist cultural tradition persists today in Europe, where it is met with a deafening silence from the majority. Indeed, any attempt to point out how such practices essentialise black people is met with the accusation that its critics are seeking to undermine the cultural identity of the nation.<\/p>\n

Anti-racist organisations in Belgium are shocked and deeply concerned by the lack of any significant reaction to these degrading and racializing practices in our country. Yet neither the political authorities, nor Belgian civil society as a whole, seem even to have noticed this scandal in their midst.<\/p>\n

Madame Director-General,<\/p>\n

This year as every year, on the 4th weekend of August, the Ducasse d\u2019Ath will be held in the town of Ath in Belgium. According to the town\u2019s official website, \u00ab Since 2005 the Ducasse d\u2019Ath has been recognised by UNESCO, alongside the Ducasse of Mons, and the Meyboom in Brussels. These centuries-old festivals are an integral part of our popular culture and are deeply rooted in our traditions.<\/p>\n

In 2008, the town of Ath won a new accolade, having been selected as a European Destination of Excellence, a scheme launched by the European Commission. The judges were impressed both by the high-quality tourism promoted by the town, and by the local population\u2019s implication in their folk traditions.<\/p>\n

This recognition, along with that of UNESCO in 2005, confirms the high value of the immaterial heritage of our city \u00bb [4]<\/p>\n

One of the attractions that make up the Ducasse d\u2019Ath is \u00ab the Savage: wildly straining at his chains, he represents the 19th century\u2019s taste for the exotic \u00bb (according to the parade\u2019s website). The Savage is a character in blackface, who is adorned with all the humiliating signs that our racist societies have projected on to black people throughout history : large nose, thick red lips, \u00ab tribal \u00bb dress, a bone through the nose, chains around his neck and wrists, etc. His behaviour is constant frenetic agitation. The man who plays the Savage is, of course, white.<\/p>\n

The Ducasse d\u2019Ath is not the only tradition that keeps blackface alive in Belgium. Each year, the Carnival of Deux Acren in the commune of Lessines treats visitors to its \u00ab Negro Outing \u00bb, while the \u0152uvre Royale des Berceaux Princesse Paola sends its \u00ab Swarthies \u00bb out to collect for charity. In all these events, the negrophobia that is still widely present in this country is able to display itself openly and without shame, under cover of a popular \u00ab entertainment \u00bb.<\/p>\n

These blackface events constitute so many acts of symbolic violence towards the black communities of Belgium \u2013 acts that are mirrored by the acts of real physical violence and material discrimination that the same communities also encounter, and which we have constantly and systematically denounced.<\/p>\n

Last year, during the Pukkelpop rock festival, two young black women were confronted by a group of Flemish youths, who threatened to cut off their hands, and declared that the Congo still belonged to them. [5]<\/p>\n

In August 2018 again, a black teenager was thrown onto a railway line. [6]<\/p>\n

Only a few days ago, a family in Waregem were the victims of a negrophobic attack. And these acts of violence are carried out in an ever more shameless and open manner. [7]<\/p>\n

As Brussels Panthers spokesperson, I condemn these racialising traditions. Above all, I condemn the way in which the racist character of these acts is constantly denied by those who perform them, and who claim the sole and exclusive right to determine what is, and is not, racist, and thus whether they should be discontinued or not. [8]
\nAgain and again, we are told that the ducasses and the carnivals are benign folk traditions, some of which are even put on for humanitarian purposes, and that they therefore cannot possibly have any negative connotations.<\/p>\n

I also observe that neither the authorities, nor the professional anti-racist organisations, are prepared to take any but the feeblest steps towards calling out these blackface practices and bringing them to an end. And that when a political antiracist activist and his organisation does take concrete steps to condemn such practices and to try and end them, they find themselves being sued by the town council of Lessines!<\/p>\n

Madame Director-General,<\/p>\n

I am sure that you will understand our position and our demands, given the values and principles that underwrite UNESCO\u2019s dedication to preserving the \u00ab Immaterial Heritage of Humanity \u00bb. The recognition you bestow should not be sullied by association with these racialising traditions which continue to essentialise part of the Belgian population.<\/p>\n

It is the duty and the responsibility of all of us to work to spread a culture of tolerance and peace, but this will never be realised as long as some of us are still the target of negrophobic acts, and as long as so many popular and social events contain negrophobic elements.<\/p>\n

Madame Director-General,<\/p>\n

I am sure that you will feel the indignity of the continuing use of blackface during certain popular traditions and the challenge that this poses to the values and principles that found your organisation\u2019s conception of the immaterial heritage of humanity \u2013 values and principles that mean so little to some Belgian town authorities, who are all too happy to benefit from the prestige which their association with you bestows.<\/p>\n

We consider that it is time to react to the negrophobia raging in Belgium, if necessary by removing the Ducasse of Ath from the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Thank you for taking the time to read this letter, and to consider my request.<\/p>\n

Yours faithfully,
\nMouhad Reghif \u2013 Spokesperson, Brussels Panthers<\/p>\n

Signez cette p\u00e9tition<\/a><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bruxelles Panth\u00e8res a lanc\u00e9 cette p\u00e9tition adress\u00e9e \u00e0 Madame Audrey Azoulay, Directrice G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019UNESCO Cette lettre d\u00e9nonce l\u2019usage end\u00e9mique du blackface, en Belgique et dans d\u2019autres pays europ\u00e9ens. Le blackface est cette pratique consistant \u00e0 se noircir le visage et le corps pour \u00abjouer un personnage\u00bb. This letter denounces the endemic use of blackface, … Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3166,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,7,28],"tags":[31,14,15],"class_list":["post-4257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-europe","category-negrophobie","category-racismes","tag-belgique","tag-bruxelles","tag-resistance"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4257"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4260,"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4257\/revisions\/4260"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bruxelles-pantheres.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}